The top has to rely on information coming from below to make the right decisions, and s/he needs the cooperation of the bottom to efficiently implement those decisions.
Endeavors to implement bottom-up, student-centered, really open, and distributed forms of MOOCs are exceptions rather than the rule (Yousef et al. 2014b).
Furthermore, we report a generally positive perception of commercial farmers towards vultures, which may indicate future potential to implement bottom-up approaches for vulture conservation.
The Government of Tanzania established HFGCs as part of its efforts to implement a bottom-up planning approach in the development and implementation of CCHPs.
Both top-down and bottom-up approaches were applied to implement a hypertension management programme.
Both top-down and bottom-up approaches were applied to implement the hypertension management program at Phu-Cuong commune.
The framework considers capacity development as a hierarchy of needs, portrayed as a pyramid of four interdependent levels, starting from the 'easier to achieve' at the apex of the pyramid (tools, skills, staff, and infrastructure) to the 'much harder' to implement at its bottom (systems, structures, and roles).
Bottom line from Merkel - we need to implement painful reforms now, to enjoy the benefits in future.
Ultimately, it will help their bottom line; although they will undoubtedly want to implement strict controls to stop it from taking over from cash.
Shang Dewen, nearing retirement as a professor of economics at Beijing University, is publicly calling on China's government to implement a top-to-bottom transformation of its political system.
