Exact(14)
This was long enough for the stem cells to establish a bottom membrane of calcium phosphate, the base on which to grow bone.
A 700-nm-thick film of Cu was sputter-deposited to block the pores of the bottom membrane, and this acted as the working electrode for electrodeposition.
The mm bottom membrane in a silicone chamber (10-cc; Strex, Osaka, Japan) was coated with 1 mL 50 g/mL fibronectin from porcine plasma (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan).
As the internal control, the expressions of β-actin (42 kDa) were similar in different lanes in the bottom membrane, showing equal loading of proteins.
Therefore, only FtsZ-mEos2 molecules that are located on the bottom membrane of the cell could be selectively excited and imaged.
NHEKs and HeLa-229 cells were cultivated using conventional polystyrene dishes or special gas-permeable dishes (Lumox; Greiner Bio-One, Frickenhausen, Germany) with a hydrophilic tissue culture treated bottom membrane as described [46].
Similar(46)
The model results indicate that the cavity spacer filaments, which rest on the bottom membranes, cause uneven biofilm growth.
Most biofilm resided on the bottom membranes, only in the wake of the filaments where low shear zones formed.
For the scenarios studied, biomass limitation at the top membranes hindered performance more significantly than diffusion limitation in the thick biofilms at the bottom membranes.
This probably implies that, with anti-shaped patterns, the higher concentration of effective light and thus of uncaged glutamate at the focal plane is compensated by the fact that the top and bottom membranes of some cells are less excited than with shaped patterns (those membranes being located up and below the focal plane).
Because the lumens of the two outer disks (about 7 nm across) were consistently wider than that of the central disk, the grana had a sandwich-like appearance: the "top" and "bottom" membranes of the stack stood apart from the inner four, which were packed so tightly that they were often hard to distinguish.
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