Sentence examples for bottlenecks imposed from inspiring English sources

However, due to the strong bottlenecks imposed by the repeated serial passages, these less fit mutants never survived long enough to produce consecutive, fitter mutants.

The high proportion of SNPs showing polymorphism even within the four genotypes from each breeding program suggests large effective population sizes and relatively weak bottlenecks imposed by breeding.

Such a mixed transmission mode could strongly impact symbiont genome evolution by creating opportunities for lateral gene transfer, relieving the constraints of genetic bottlenecks imposed by strict vertical transmission [ 29, 30], and imposing selective pressures for the maintenance of diverse functions in the symbiont genome that would mediate survival outside the host.

"The combination of the Indilinx Barefoot controller, Samsung flash memory, and 64MB of on-board cache delivers blistering, stutter-free performance, eliminating the bottleneck imposed by traditional mechanical hard disks," said Jim Carlton, VP of Marketing at Corsair.

The SFO is an object-oriented application- specific file access paradigm designed to address the bottleneck imposed by high latency, low bandwidth, unpredictable, and unreliable networks such as the current Internet.

Viral fitness decreased over time following intermittent ART for 5 of the 6 PULSE subjects analysed (Figure 4), an observation that might be expected due to the potential bottleneck imposed by suppressive ART.

From what is known, the fitness of isolates present during acute HIV-1 infection is thought to be low relative to isolates present at later stages of infection, due to the significant genetic bottleneck imposed upon transmission [1], [18].

Interestingly, despite a genetic bottleneck imposed by VVC, many minor related variants within the selected lineage persisted at low levels and continued to evolve alongside the dominant X4 form.

It is widely thought that the fitness of strains present during the acute phase is low relative to strains present during chronic HIV-1 infection, due to the bottleneck imposed upon transmission.

Both the captive population of red wolves and the captive population of Mexican wolves show low levels of genetic diversity, which is to be expected given the severe bottleneck imposed by limited numbers of founders and subsequent captive breeding (in total 7 founders for the three lineages involved in the Mexican wolf captive breeding program, 14 founders for the captive red wolves [45]).

Thus, subfunctionalization becomes adaptive in response to the selection forces arising from the fitness bottleneck imposed by gene duplication.