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There's still a bottleneck today.
MDs complain that RNs are protective of their territory, rather than considering how RT as a whole might be reorganized to be most effective: "We are lacking RT RNs, that's a bottleneck today, how many 'machine hours' can we have?
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Photo: Saudi workers with bodies of Muslims caught in a bottleneck yesterday near Mecca and trampled.
The Primal methodologies [9, 10] use the fluid model to analyze the Internet traffic load or use probing-based methods including the probe gap model (PGM) and probe rate model (PRM) to estimate the residue bandwidth in the bottleneck [11 13].
In fact, the FDA often performs more like a rubber stamp for Big Pharma than a bottleneck: Last year, the FDA approved 89% of applications for new drug uses, according to three experts writing at Health Affairs.
Members of the M. tuberculosis complex are genetically very similar and were believed to be the result of a clonal expansion following an evolutionary bottleneck 20,000 35,000 years ago [16], [46], [47].
There are many genetic studies that confirm that human intrapopulation genetic diversity decreases with geographic distance from Africa, and that the Amerindians suffered a genetic bottleneck [12] [17].
Likewise, the mismatch distribution of the early-domestic European and Siberian horses produced evidence for a bottleneck 1500 years after the postulated origin of domestic horses in North Kazakhstan around 3500 BC [21].
These first Americans suffered a genetic bottleneck [13] [15], and the reduced genetic diversity in Amerindians is evidenced in the absolute dominance of the O blood group among Amerindians (Fig. 1), their low heterozygosity and the reduced number of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups [16], [17].
We tested for recent population bottlenecks in the three finless porpoise populations using BOTTLENECK v1.2.02 program (Piry et al. 1999).
Adherence scores for clinics with a high degree of bottleneck (p=0.010), a moderate degree of bottleneck (p=0.031) and a small degree of bottleneck (p=0.057) were lower compared to clinics with little or no bottleneck (Table 2, Figure 3).
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