Sentence examples for bottleneck reduction from inspiring English sources

We found that a population bottleneck reduction from 10, 000 to 800 individuals for 200 generations, followed by 2, 000 generations of evolution back at 10, 000 best mimicked the LD patterns seen in our empirical SNP data (see Figure 1), and similar to the results seen in Reich et al. [ 35].

There were also indications of genetic bottlenecking, reductions in heterozygosity, and possible inbreeding in some of these founder broodstocks (Tymchuk et al. 2010; Appendix S1 in Supporting Materials in the present study).

All these observations match perfectly the known fact that the migration of modern humanity out-of-Africa was associated with a population size bottleneck and reduction of variability, as has been shown for mitochondrial DNA [28] and several other markers [29].

The low haplotype diversity and lack of strong phylogeographic structure within B. nympha suggest that the species may have undergone a historical bottleneck or reduction in range.

This is consistent with studies showing diminished genetic variability in natural populations resulting in increased genetic bottlenecks, inbreeding, reductions in effective population size and the potential for reduced adaptability and productivity (Hauser et al. 2002; O'Leary et al. 2013).

Two such in-silico simulations were conducted 100 times each, one with a population size reduction (bottleneck strength) of 1/333 and another with a population size reduction of 1/1000.

In this model, the shape of the European population history is assumed to start from a constant ancestral population, followed by a population bottleneck with a reduction in effective size, and then by an exponential expansion until to modern population.

In this model, the shape of European population history is assumed to start by a constant ancestral population, followed by a population bottleneck with a reduction in effective size, and then by an exponentially expansion of the population until to the present.

Likewise, the low rate of dN/dS in Bison, which has undergone a recent population bottleneck, indicates a reduction in population size alone is not responsible for these observations.

Hence, local governments and their partners have both an opportunity and a need to analyze key local bottlenecks for poverty reduction and social development.

The first is useful for identifying kinetic bottlenecks during sequential reduction of nitrogen oxides, as the downstream rate must be equal or higher than the upstream to avoid significant intermediate accumulation.