Sentence examples for bottleneck length from inspiring English sources

The first criterion deals with bottlenecks using parameters that define the maximum bottleneck length and minimum bottleneck radius.

Increasing the bottleneck length causes a monotonic decrease in expected heterozygosity.

The smallest expected heterozygosity shown is reached with the combination of the smallest bottleneck population size (100 diploid individuals) and the largest bottleneck length (5000 generations).

To obtain the DeGiorgio et al. (2009) serial founder model with K populations, suppose that the bottleneck length is Lb generations and that the time between the end of a bottleneck and the founding of a new population is L generations.

Setting m = 1 in Equation 5, we obtain the expected homozygosity and heterozygosity for two lineages, one sampled from population E i and the other from E j, Using the model in Figure 2A, Figure 3 plots the expected heterozygosity of two lineages sampled from population 4 as a function of both bottleneck population size and bottleneck length.

Our generic formulation contains a sequence of bottlenecks in which bottleneck sizes, population sizes, bottleneck lengths, and the times for the population founding events are allowed to vary.

We incorporate severe bottlenecks into the modern serial founder model by increasing the bottleneck lengths to L rb = 16 generations instead of Lb = 2 during the founding of modern populations 15, 29, 43, 57, 71, and 85.

Estimated coalescence-time distributions might also be utilized more formally for maximum-likelihood estimation of parameters such as bottleneck lengths, bottleneck sizes, and divergence times (e.g., Thomson et al. 2000; Takahata et al. 2001; Tang et al. 2002; Rannala and Yang 2003; Tishkoff and Verrelli 2003; Garrigan and Hammer 2006; Fagundes et al. 2007; Blum and Jakobsson 2011).

When the bottleneck has length zero, bottlenecks do not increase genetic drift and hence the expected heterozygosity reaches its maximum.

The model is then linearized to derive a transfer function representation between the packet marking probability and the bottleneck router queue length as the input and output of the modified TCP Vegas/AQM system.

Since he cites the 'Hawaiian guitarists who used steel bars', we can presume that in this particular case the guitar was played flat on the lap, rather than in the conventional guitarists' position used by those who played with a glass bottleneck, or a short length of metal tube, on one left-hand finger.