Sentence examples for both types of senescence from inspiring English sources

The induction of both types of senescence is mediated by the transcriptional activation of the INK4a locus and the consequent increase of the two encoded proteins p19ARF and p16INK4a [31], [31]; proteinprotein up-regulates p53 levels by inhibiting MDM2 [10] while p16INK4a inhibits cyclin dependent kinases thereby activating the retinoblastoma protein [32].

DNA damage is followed by activation of the DDR and this signaling pathway was analyzed in both types of senescence.

In both types of senescence an increased level of IL-6 and 8 and VEGF was observed (Fig.  5a c).

To our knowledge there is no such complex study involving analysis of both types of senescence performed on the same cell culture of VSMCs.

The common markers for both types of senescence were: SA-β-gal activity, DNA damage foci, DDR pathway activation, changed morphology, increased superoxide production, SASP, increased cell granularity and increased micronucleation.

Remarkably, 20 of these 22 miRNAs (including some miR-29 and miR-30 family members) were regulated in the same direction in both types of senescence, whereas the abundance of only two miRNAs changed opposite directions, suggesting that the core Rb/miRNA circuit plays a similar role in induced and replicative senescence.

Thus, the basal level of senescence in the CAV-1−/− EC suggests that caveolae are not essential for all types of senescence induction in EC, as both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cells are seen in this un-induced population of senescent cells.

There are two types of senescence: intrinsic and extrinsic.

There are two types of senescence of mammalian cells in culture: replicative and accelerated (also known as premature or stress-induced senescence).

These events are known to result in constitutive DNA damage signaling, which is a phenomenon well documented in all major types of senescence [ 23, 50, 83].

However, transcriptome data of plant leaves undergoing different types of senescence indicated significant differences in gene expression profiles and signalling pathways under the two conditions (natural or darkness) [ 13].