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Intriguingly, the engagement of both TRAIL death receptors and TRAIL-R4 decoy receptor also activated NF-kB pathway [ 24, 34, 35].
Furthermore, IFN-γ also regulates the expression of apoptosis-related genes to overcome tumor cell apoptosis resistance [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], suggesting that IFN-γ might modulate both TRAIL expression in immune cells and TRAIL sensitivity in tumor cells.
Initially, we transiently expressed CD70 in the CD70-negative HT1080 cell line, which expresses both TRAIL death receptors but mainly signals via TRAILR2 and analyzed the apoptotic effect of the various scFv-TRAIL fusion proteins.
Critically, antagonizing both TRAIL and neutrophils did not further abrogate antiviral protection, providing evidence that neutrophils limit MCMV replication in vivo via TRAIL.
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For comparison, the reported half-life of the TRAIL ligand that binds both TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 is 3.6 min in mice (Kelley et al, 2001).
Targeting both, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, using recombinant TRAIL might be advantageous because triggering both death-inducing TRAIL-Rs at the same time might result in a stronger death signal than an agonistic antibody specific for only one receptor.
Small molecules mimicking Smac can sensitize various cell types to both TRAIL- and TNFα-induced apoptosis (Li et al., 2004).
FADD is required for both TRAIL- and FasL-induced apoptosis.
The ErbB2-positive Colo205 and HT1080 cells express both, TRAIL-R1 and -R2.
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