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Hereafter, these 3-s-long time windows are referred to as 'parent' time windows.
We consider time windows at customer locations (see the column time windows of Table 1), but time windows are known to make routing problems much more difficult to solve whenever they are modeled by node-arc formulations.
Also in the case that time windows are tight and delivery time is more important, the proposed model should be more efficient.
In this phase consolidation decisions like: loaded/unloaded products, fix and variable time for loading/unloading and customer satisfaction time windows are considered during the search.
Waiting times (to reduce earliness with respect to time windows) are only permitted if no person is aboard the vehicle (Lines 10 12).
The minimum p-values of time-averaged ΔVm either in fast or slow time window are plotted, Mann–Whitney U -test.
When assumptions regarding the timing of exposure in methods 1 and 2 are violated (i.e., when timing of exposure measurement or the effect of exposure on the outcome varies within time windows), when a large number of time windows are considered, or when the number of measurement occasions for the exposure varies across participants, the multiple informant approach may no longer be feasible.
After a trial with positive feedback (i.e., a correct time estimation), the time window was narrowed down by 10 ms at both ends of the window (e.g., 910 1090 ms after the initial trial).
The customer satisfaction time window is the time window in which customers incline to receive their demands.
From these parent time windows, six shorter 'child' time windows were selected, as shown in Table 1.
When the sampling time window is less than the target time constant, the distortion caused by the sampling time window is less than 5%.
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