Sentence examples for both the surface layer from inspiring English sources

The Van De Kamp model (Kamp model, in short) is an enhanced model that extended the Karasawa model to include both the surface layer and cloud scintillation.

Determine hydraulic conductivity of both the surface layer and the limiting layer.

The measurement obtained using the indentation crack method showed that both the surface layers and middle layer were subjected to residual compressive stresses.

During the multi-disciplinary programme called BIOZAIRE conducted by Ifremer from 2000 to 2005, two CTD-O2 sections with discrete water column samples were performed (BIOZAIRE3 cruise: 2003 2004) to study the influence of the Congo River discharges, both in the surface layer and in the deep and near-bottom layers.

The main reason for such behavior is the presence of negatively charged polymeric segments (belonging to adsorbed macromolecules) both in the surface layer of the solution (leading to the decrease of solid surface charge density) and in the area of slipping plane (resulting in reduction of zeta potential).

The material properties of both the bulk and the surface layer vary along the nanorod's length based on a power-law relation.

Both methods reported that the surface layer has a thickness of several nanometers, which is consistent with the result of Figure 6. Figure 5 The ratio δ/ h * as a function of temperature.

However, it is likely that many minor lipid components of both the core and the surface layer of LDs have not yet been identified.

Hydrogenation induced abundant VO inside both the bulk lattice and the surface layer.

XPS and EXAFS data show that the surface of the MnOx contains phosphorous at P to Mn ratio of ∼1 2, indicating that the surface layer contains both phosphate characteristics and oxide characteristics.

The effect of using grinding lubrication is also obvious, as shown in Fig. 16c: using grinding lubrication reduced residual stresses, both σ ∥ and σ ⊥, in the surface layer.