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Both the short preamble and the long preamble have a duration of two OFDM symbols.
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The short preamble indicates who the receiver is.
Fig. 2 The timelines LPL and X-MAC protocol for the short preamble approach [13].
When diversity is used, only the short preamble can be used.
The short preamble of each packet is used for coarse carrier acquisition.
The preamble insertion block adds the short preamble at the beginning of each frame to obtain the final OFDM frame.
The short preamble is also used to adjust the gain of an (automatic gain control) AGC at the receiver input.
This is done by adding sufficient guard time/null space after the short preamble and before the payload.
Moreover, the short preamble power level is measured and used to adjust an AGC for the rest of the packet.
The IEEE 802.16 standard provides two different preambles, the long preamble (two identical OFDM symbols) and the short preamble (one OFDM symbol).
The short preamble is followed by a long preamble (LONGPB) field consisting of two orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols used for channel and fine frequency estimation.
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