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The spread of the virus is greatly dependent upon successful replication within both the human host and mosquito vector.
The clinical outcome of the disease results from a complex interplay between environmental factors and the genetic background of both the human host and the parasite.
The outcome of IFN-based therapy for HCV is dependent on the genetic systems of both the human host and the virus.
Zoonotic leishmaniasis control might only be achieved by an integrated approach targeting both the human host and the animal reservoirs, which in certain sylvatic cycles are yet to be identified.
In the case of P. falciparum, the parasite has a reservoir in both the human host and the Anopheles mosquito, with transmission occurring when a mosquito takes a blood meal from a human.
Since iron is essential for biological systems, both the human host and the bacterium compete for iron in favour of effective immunity and establishing infection, respectively, during infection [ 23, 24].
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"If you do get a green light, bring a lot of treats for both your dog and the human host".
While the host-microbial symbiosis may benefit both the microbiota and the human host, 1 4 recent studies suggest that the gut microbiota is involved in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs).
A major challenge for vaccine development against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) is its complex lifecycle involving both an asexual stage in the human host, and a sexual stage primarily in the Anopheles mosquito.
The causative agents of malaria, Plasmodium species, go through a complex life cycle, involving both a mosquito vector and the human host [1].
However, whereas α2,8-linked polySia of both group B menigococci and the human host consists exclusively of Neu5Ac residues, the polySia capsule of many E. coli K1 strains can be modified by O-acetylation of the Neu5Ac residues at positions O7 and O9 [9]–[11].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com