Sentence examples for both the average roughness from inspiring English sources

Both the average roughness and the grain size were found to be lower at low substrate temperature.

It is shown that the variation of the average roughness is caused by both cyclic loading and temperature, the latter factor being the more influencial.

When the measurements were conducted on nanoscale images, the results indicated that both average roughness (Ra) and the mean height of membrane surface particles increased after activation (Fig. 2a). Figure 2 Histograms of statistical results.a,b The average roughness and cell height of the resting and the activated groups are approximately equal.

'Ra' denotes the average roughness in the analytical area.

The average roughness of the surface nanostructures varied from 18.58 ± 3.12 nm to 24.25 ± 8.33 nm.

The average roughness Ra on the substrate surface is given on the topographic images.

The average roughness found was of 102.4 μm with standard deviation of 18.6.

The average roughness decreased and the surface seems to be smoother.

The FIB patterning resulted in a decrease in the average roughness.

(b) The corresponding histogram shows that the average roughness is 48 nm.

For comparison, the average roughness of the as-prepared catalyst is also shown.