Although in line of principle the background scenes were irrelevant for performing both tasks, we found that the time estimates were systematically shorter in an animate context than in an inanimate context, and this was so irrespective of whether the moving character or the default static character was displayed.
Finally, for both tasks we found an effect of difficulty on drift rates, with larger drift rates for trials with higher coherence.
First, relative to visually matched control tasks, we found that both nonsymbolic and symbolic addition elicited greater neural signal in the bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS), bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, and the right superior parietal lobule.
For all of these tasks we found the use of single programs only partly reliable.
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), for both event-related and blocked design tasks, we find evidence for common neural areas across both tasks in bilateral parietal cortex (BA 40), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; BA 9), premotor cortex (BA 6) and medial frontal cortex (BA 6/32).
With the emphasis on both proactive and reactive control during the task, we found two motivational effects.
From the general pattern of brain activities in two addition tasks for both groups, we found that the AP addition task that related brain activations for both groups were distributed bilaterally, while the EX addition that related brain activations were lateralized to the left hemisphere, especially for nontrained children.
For the majority of tasks tested, we found a clear decline in performance with increasing age.
Despite the aphasics' successful task performance, we found several significant differences in their electrophysiological processing indicators.
Furthermore, for some individual-task combinations we find extremely high within-fixation variability of the POR.
For both tasks (contrast discrimination and orientation discrimination), we found considerable inter-individual variability in visual performance (contrast discrimination threshold from 7%to15%5%, orientation discrimination threshold from 1.7 degrees to 3.4 degrees).
