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The original algorithm takes into account both target and reference image to calculate support weights.
Both target and reference DTS image sets are required to support an image registration application for IGRT.
Both target and reference DNA standards were diluted in 8 to12 serial steps, each applied in duplicate.
The measurement of copy number of a target gene in an unknown sample requires a 'calibrator' genome with known copy number of both target and reference genes.
For each DNA and cDNA sample, both target and reference genes were always amplified independently on the same plate and in the same experimental run in triplicate.
Amplification plots were produced to calculate the threshold cycle (Ct) and standard curves of Ct versus log cDNA dilution were generated for both target and reference genes.
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Both target and limit reference points were chosen for each indicator to assess the status of species, fisheries and ecosystems.
Each plate contained both target and endogenous references for all samples present on that plate, and a negative no-template control ("NTC"; nuclease-free water) for each target and endogenous reference.
Benefits of this method are that no standard lines are needed and the DNA concentration is allowed to vary somewhat between samples, but it is crucial that both the target and reference reactions have near-identical amplification efficiencies.
The identification of reference genes is most often conducted in a limited number of samples and the genes should be re-evaluated after the end of the experiments, preferably by one of the objective computer programs including both the target and reference gene(s).
One of the experimental prerequisites for relative quantification consists in having identical PCR efficiencies for both target gene and reference gene in sample, standard, and calibrator.
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