In order to improve understanding, prediction and treatment of aggressive behaviors, subtypes of aggression have been defined.
The two subtypes of aggression were both significantly predicted, but by a different profile of independent variables (RADI r squared of.55 (F = 140; p <.001).
Reporting on the associations between psychopathology and the subtypes of aggression, a distinct picture emerges: Both forms of aggression correlate significantly with each other, more strongly in the delinquent sample than in the normal high school adolescents (Pearson's r = 0.53, p <.001).
Future studies could test the associations of subtypes of aggression with social status and the effects of group features, and consider different reporting sources (peer, self, teachers), since previous studies have shown differences regarding who reports on bullying (Berger & Rodkin, 2009; Zimmer-Gembeck et al., 2013).
This procedure produced distinct predictor formulas for the two subtypes of aggression just as they had in the normal high school sample.
Classifications typically identify two subtypes of aggression: the first is characterized by planning, is carried out for a specific purpose, and is marked by lack of sympathy and cold-heartedness.
The proposed subtyping of aggression into PIP and RADI has additional support from history, the law and cognitive neuroscience.
Consistent with the study's hypotheses, narcissism predicted unique variance in both proactive and reactive aggression, even when controlling for other dimensions of psychopathy, demographic variables associated with narcissism, and the alternative subtype of aggression.
But even with this stronger association, each subtype of aggression accounts only for about 26% of the variance in the other.
