Sentence examples for both speciation and extinction from inspiring English sources
Firstly, both speciation and extinction rates were lower during the Late Devonian (Frasnian and Famennian Stages) Crisis than during the preceding Middle Devonian (Eifelian and Givetian Stages) in these taxa (Fig. 3).
The rate analyses congruently indicate a reduction in both speciation and extinction rate during the Frasnian stage when compared to the Givetian stage.
The third model (BOTHVAR) uses linear diversity-dependence for both speciation and extinction rates [ 24].
A Birth-Death tree prior was used, which accounts for both speciation and extinction [ 110].
Analyses on simulated data show that for both speciation and extinction rates the posterior estimates are accurate.
If substitution rates correlate positively with both speciation and extinction, this would rule out hypothesis 2 and most strongly support hypothesis 3b.
After partially controlling for these predominating ecological drivers of diversification and mutation rate, a relationship exists between ITS substitution rates and both speciation and, marginally, extinction.
Phylogenetic studies have shown that recently formed plant lineages experience lower diversification rates relative to diploid congeners as a consequence of both lower speciation and extinction rates (Zhan et al. 2014).
This suggests that both mechanisms and their relative importance in driving speciation and extinction may be different across the tropics as well.
