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In both simulation and phantom experiments, continuous wave saturation performed the best, followed by parameters and shapes optimized by the genetic algorithm and then followed by Gaussian waveform.
For both simulation and phantom data the average activity concentration within a VOI was measured.
In both simulation and phantom studies only the effects of applying PVC on homogeneous tumours were investigated.
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In the context of 7 T human brain imaging, both simulations and phantom experiments indicate that optimized pulses result in similar on-resonance flip-angle uniformity as BIR-4 pulses but with the advantages of superior off-resonance stability and significantly reduced average power.
These effects are most often detectible in simulation and phantom studies with well-defined object borders.
Qiao et al. [12] developed a 4D model that incorporates motion information to produce a motion-free image with all acquired data and evaluated their approach using simulation and phantom studies.
Therefore, simulation and phantom experiments were performed to assess the performance of PVC.
A threshold value of 41%, adapted for local background, worked very well for simulation and phantom data, but during analysis of clinical data it occasionally failed to provide reliable and realistic tumour VOI.
Since, both for simulations and phantom measurements the slab thickness was rather large, identical results would be obtained using the semi-infinite model.
Both simulations and measurements in phantoms and in the human brain are used to evaluate pulses with nominal flip angles of 45° and 90°.
Simulation and phantom-based studies suggest that QBI results are affected by the b-value, the number of diffusion weighting directions, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
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