All shoulders were evaluated on anterior-posterior and axillary lateral radiographic views.
All 50 functionally assessed shoulders were evaluated postoperatively using the Constant score (Constant and Murley 1987, Constant 1997) adjusted for age and gender.
Ability for adduction combined with internal rotation of the shoulders was evaluated by asking the patients to place their hands behind their back and to reach as high up their spine as possible.
A total of 31 MRIs were reviewed with a mean patient age of 54 years (25 86, SD 14 .There were 15 males and 16 females, and the left shoulder was evaluated in 22 cases.
The motion dysfunction of the shoulder was evaluated as follows: (1) severe, disturbance in daily life or frozen shoulder; (2) moderate, muscle atrophy or weakness without disturbance in daily life; and (3) negative, no disturbance.
Professional overhead athletes with a painful shoulder who were evaluated at the Shoulder and Elbow Unit of the "Cervesi" Hospital of Cattolica in Italy from January 2008 to December 2014 offered to participate in this prospective study and gave their informed consent to be included.
After the CAHAI evaluation, the patient's arm and hand motor function, and shoulder pain were evaluated by a trained assessor blinded to the CAHA-G scoring.
Eight subjects with shoulder impingement were evaluated weekly during the nine weeks of this single-subject design study.
Pain and subjective shoulder function were evaluated by the visual analog scale (VAS) score at discharge, 6 weeks, 6 months, and a minimum of 2.5 years (median 51 months) postoperatively.
