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The two data sets contained both shared and non-shared modules.
Comparing 57 MZ and 81 DZ twin pairs, Bokhorst and colleagues [ 78] found only unique environmental factors accounting for the variance in disorganised vs. organised attachment, while both shared and non-shared environmental effects accounted for the variance in secure vs. insecure attachment.
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For generalized IA factors, individual differences could be explained by shared and non-shared environmental influences while genetic influences did not play a role.
Similarly, our characterizations of influences as shared and non-shared environmental include these kinds of effects that also operate to make twin pairs similar regardless of zygosity (shared) and different from each other (non-shared).
In this case, the first factor assesses genetic, shared and non-shared environmental influences on g, some of which may also influence school achievement.
We investigated these ideas by measuring how education moderated the variance in BMI attributable to genetic and shared and non-shared environmental influences and the associated genetic and shared and nonshared environmental contributions to the correlations.
The patterns of genetic and shared and non-shared environmental correlations between education and BMI provided important clues to the social systems involved in the association between education and BMI in this sample.
In contrast, a study of activity levels measured with accelerometery during an individual 2.5-hour testing session in a psychological laboratory found moderate heritability (around 36%) and a mixture of shared and non-shared environmental effects [20].
The overall observed correlations between BMI and education were −.13 in women and −.15 in men. Figure 4 shows how the mean levels and the contribution of the genetic and shared and non-shared environment to the correlations between BMI and education varied with level of education, with tabular data given in Table 3 together with confidence intervals.
Once again, the same is true for the shared and non-shared environments.
Figure 3 displays an illustrative example of a cross-assembly between three metagenomes, showing shared and non-shared contigs.
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