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The results of the present series of experiment, in which we presented bats with compound stimuli and spatial cues appeared to overshadow both scent and shape cues, are understandable in terms of this fundamental learning mechanism.
Taken together, the results of Experiments 1 and 2 indicate that G. soricina is strongly predisposed to rely on cues of location and to ignore both scent and shape cues when attempting to relocate a source of food in situations such as those that we and others [14], [15] have examined.
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During choices between scent and shape, the percentage of their choices did not differ significantly between shape and scent cues (Figure 5).
Still, the present findings are consistent with the notion that an overshadowing of scent and shape cues by spatial cues is a phylogenetically conserved trait in phyllostomid bats.
Further, during scent versus shape cue tests, when we had removed the feeder from the previously rewarded position and offered subjects a choice between the previously rewarded scent and shape, they often oriented towards the spot on the cage wall where the rewarded feeder had been located during training.
Bats thus chose between three feeders in previously unrewarded locations: one feeder with the shape it had experienced during training in association with the rewarded feeder, a second feeder with the scent it had experienced during training in association with the rewarded feeder, and a control feeder that had the same unrewarded scent and shape cues that it had experienced during training.
M. sexta required both scent and nectar, whereas Hyles lineata moths required scent or nectar to render sufficient pollination services.
Both scent and nectar increase outcrossing rates for three, separately tested, pollinators and both traits increase oviposition by a hawkmoth herbivore, with nectar being more influential than scent.
As a pollinator, M. sexta responds equally strongly to the loss of both scent and nectar.
H. lineata, on the other hand, treats wild-type plants and plants that lack scent or nectar the same, and prefers all three to plants that lack both scent and nectar.
Both scented and non-scented sheets should effectively absorb the smell.
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