Sentence examples for both saprophytic and pathogenic from inspiring English sources

The causative agents of human leptospirosis belong to the genus Leptospira, which contains both saprophytic and pathogenic species (1).

For instance, both saprophytic and pathogenic fungi must quickly adapt to variations in carbon and nitrogen availability.

These data agree with the results obtained in the present study, in which both saprophytic and pathogenic mycobacteria were identified in bovine milk samples.

It should be noted that the important structural element, that is, numerous groups of predicted lipoproteins (Lip), which may be either surface-exposed or located in the periplasm, is present in both saprophytic and pathogenic Leptospira species.

L. interrogans Escherichia coli shuttle vectors, constructed with the predicted replication elements of single rep or rep combined with parAB loci from the three plasmids were shown to successfully transform into both saprophytic and pathogenic Leptospira species, suggesting an essential function for rep genes in supporting auto-replication of the plasmids.

This has been facilitated through comparative genomics with saprophytic L. biflexa genome sequence [22] as well as genome guided insights into phylogeny of various species of the pathogen [23] and through differences between saprophytic and pathogenic species [22].

The regulation of transcription differs significantly between the saprophytic and pathogenic strains as indicated by the presence of more than 50 saprophyte-specific, and more than 20-pathogen specific, transcription regulators, whereas there are only 27 transcription regulators that are common to all of the sequenced Leptospira species.

The cosmopolitan fungal genus Alternaria consists of multiple saprophytic and pathogenic species.

Saprophytic and pathogenic Leptospira species belong to two distinct phylogenetic groups, leading us to conclude that the 2,052 genes shared by both groups constitute the core genome of this genus (Figure 2).

Phylogenetic analysis based on comparison of 16S rRNA sequences indicates that members of the family Leptospiraceae form the deepest branch in spirochete evolution, with divergence of saprophytic and pathogenic Leptospira likely being the result of a single event [13].

We found that saprophytic and pathogenic fungi differ significantly in the number of PL1 enzymes.