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After 25 serial passages the fitness of both replicate lines increased by slightly more than 4-fold on the analogue.
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Second, to the extent that increased male frequency led to successful outcrossing in N = 100 and 1,000 AF16 lines, we would expect the N e of nuclear genes in these replicate lines to be increased relative to those of the other strains.
Sales across the entire line increased dramatically.
Because different replicate lines will accumulate distinct mutations, the variance in fitness among lines is expected to increase over time.
Replicate lines of Biomphalaria glabrata were set up consisting of snails either previously artificially-selected over multiple generations for increased resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection (R-lines), or unselected susceptible lines (U-lines), or mixed 'populations' of both resistant-selected and unselected host genotypes together (R U-lines).
(D, E ) Levels of random chosen proteins (D ) and transcripts (E ) from both replicate measurements (gray) and the fit (solid line) are indicated for un-mixed mother data.
A total of 360 genes were identified as differentially methylated between the two cell lines (i.e. methylated in both replicates of one cell line, but not in both replicates of the other) and did not have MYCN binding.
A cell-line specific CTCF binding event was defined as a peak identified in both replicates of that cell line and in neither replicate of the other cell lines.
The data was also parsed to select genes called present in both replicates of each cell line.
Furthermore, and consistent with our observations, REX1 is either absent or expressed at low levels in one replicate of either of the two retrovirally reprogrammed bonobo (Pan paniscus, sister species to chimpanzees) iPSC lines generated by Marchetto et al. (2013b), although it is expressed in both replicates of both chimpanzee iPCS lines from the same group.
Toxicity for both cell lines is similar and increases with increasing length of the alkyl chain.
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