Continuous monitoring of both processes of care and risk-adjusted outcomes is imperative for quality control in a modern ICU and health care system in general.
In summary, despite the implementation of a highly innovative PCMH, we observed racial differences in both processes of care and intermediate outcomes for patients with diabetes.
Utilization of this framework, along with the selection of indicators measuring both processes of care and key clinical and patient reported outcomes guided the development of a set of 24 program-level measure concepts to guide improvement for HIV treatment programs (Table 2).
Previous systematic reviews have analyzed the topic more broadly, focusing either on socially disadvantaged diabetic patients (11, 12) or on ethnic minorities (9, 10, 13– 15), observing that health care promoted interventions can be effective in improving both processes of care and health outcomes.
Despite the substantial potential to reduce the risk of recurrent disease and death among patients with established coronary heart disease, initial reports on the implementation of prevention guidelines were disappointing. 1 Systematic reviews of structured management programmes among these patients have, however, confirmed that such programmes improve both processes of care and clinical outcomes.
Existing population-level monitoring of diabetes care include the National Health Interview Survey NHISS); the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), which assesses care processes; and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), which assess both processes of care and risk factor control.
