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The warming of aquatic ecosystems may impact physiology, migration, and food webs; and organisms and populations are likely to react with both plastic and adaptive responses (Lundsgaard-Hansen et al. 2013; Piou and Prevost 2013).
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Thus, the demonstration that a phenotypic change is genetic or plastic and adaptive or not does not necessarily provide confirmation that climate change, or more specifically climate warming, is the specific cause.
A key question to be solved next is whether laying eggs with higher androgen levels when mated with young males is a plastic and adaptive response by the female to male age and/or the resources associated with it (Marshall and Uller 2007; Lessells 2008).
Similar assessments of other taxonomic groups in this issue provide evidence for widespread plastic and adaptive responses to climate variation and concurrently highlight the same lack of data for evolutionary responses (Franks et al. 2014; Reusch 2014; Schilthuizen and Kellermann 2014).
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The musculoskeletal system is a highly plastic and adaptive system, responding quickly to changes in the demands placed upon it.
Nevertheless, how the whole circadian system is developed and what allows this system to be plastic and adaptive, along with precision, are questions that are still unclear.
Plastic and adaptive responses to low temperature environments have been widely recorded (for a review see [ 8]) and can result in cryptic divergence between populations inhabiting different temperature regimes (counter-gradient variation; [ 9]).
Both plastic and evolutionary responses to climate change can influence population persistence, and both may or may not be adaptive (Ghalambor et al. 2007).
Both plastic and metal cages have disadvantages as well.
In reality, then, genetic versus plastic changes and adaptive versus nonadaptive changes should be treated as alternative models to be compared based on the weight of evidence.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com