A 2013 study, published in the journal Nature, compared the phthalate levels of two groups, one eating their regular diet but armed with a handout of recommendations for ways to reduce BPA and phthalate exposure in their diet, and the other eating a catered diet consisting solely of local, organic fare, none of which had touched plastic packaging.
The main strengths of this study are the large sample sizes measured by NHANES, as well as the comprehensive data collected about each study participant that included both survey questions and chemical analyses of phthalate levels.
Previous research has established that many commonly consumed food types are contaminated with persistent organic pollutants, although the literature is sparse for phthalate levels in food, because of the difficulties of analyzing parent phthalate compounds.
Research on the levels of phthalates in food is limited because the accurate determination of phthalate levels by a laboratory is severely complicated by the ubiquitous nature of phthalate contamination (Fromme et al. 2007).
To examine associations of urinary phthalate levels with blood pressure (BP) and serum triglyceride and lipoprotein levels in children.
Several earlier studies have investigated the association of urine phthalate levels in pregnant women with outcomes for fertility and reproduction.
The distribution of seven urinary phthalate metabolites adjusted for creatinine in the two groups is shown in Table 2. Similar concentrations of all phthalate levels were found.
Our objective in the present study was to determine whether the use of personal care products predicted urinary levels of phthalate monoesters, and to identify subject characteristics that predicted phthalate levels.
A liquid suspension histidine reversion assay of dimethyl phthalate showed levels of mutagenic activity similar to that observed in the azaguanine resistance assay.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDCC) measured urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites in representative samples of the noninstitutionalized U.S. population, and for several phthalates, detectable levels of their metabolites were present in more than three-quarters of the participants (CDC 2005).
