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Both passive implementation and campaign-style implementation deviate from policy rules, undermining the effectiveness of institutions and creating problems in grassroots governance.
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Two episodes of fluctuating policy implementation: passive implementation and campaign-style implementation, causing the conflicts accumulating and erupting process in grassroots governance.
Many conflicts accumulate and remain hidden during the period of passive implementation and intensify and erupt during the period of campaign-style implementation.
If the applicability of policy is low and the pressure for policy implementation varies, policy implementation at the grassroots level often fluctuates between passive implementation and campaign-style implementation.
If the applicability of policies is low along with changes in pressure for implementation from above, "passive implementation" and "campaign-style implementation," which seem to oppose but are actually related to each other, will alternate and fluctuate.
The case of L County's coal mining industry demonstrates that grassroots governments take substantially different approaches to the implementation of public policies, fluctuating between passive implementation and campaign-style implementation.
The root causes of passive implementation and campaign-style implementation lie in the low level of applicability of policies in the local contexts and changes in pressure from above for implementation.
The longer the passive implementation, the more organizations and people are involved and the more serious the hidden conflicts are.
In the Netherlands, clinical practice physiotherapy guidelines are mainly implemented by using passive implementation strategies.
Four categorizations of policy implementation: passive implementation, normal implementation (low speed), campaign-style implementation, and normal implementation (high speed) Applicability of policy Low High Pressure for implementation Low Passive implementation Normal implementation (low speed) High Campaign-style implementation Normal implementation (high speed).
As long as policies are poorly applicable and the pressure for implementation is low, passive implementation will proliferate in grassroots governance.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com