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Taken together, it appears that both parallel and convergent evolutionary processes played a role in eye evolution.
The gliding life habit arose in four independent lineages along both parallel and convergent trajectories.
We identified 17 repeated transitions between life habit classes within the Pectinidae that were the result of both parallel and convergent evolution.
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Parallel and convergent evolution are also common in plants.
Second, these Miocene apes show a baffling pattern of characters, indicating that parallel and convergent evolution occurred commonly within the group.
The results indicate that several forms of parallel and convergent media use have already been established.
This braided cancer river model illustrates parallel and convergent events occurring throughout tumorigenesis.
Distinguishing between parallel and convergent evolution is important because each implies a pathway underlying the evolutionary change (character evolution).
Parallel and convergent evolution of various morphological characters (including those traditionally employed to circumscribe the families and genera) have occurred in the Siphonocladales.
Our results indicate that the radiation of muroid rodents is characterized by multiple parallel and convergent evolutions of the molar crown, originating from an ancestor characterized by grade B molars.
P = Observed probability of parallel or convergent change * = Observed probability of parallel and convergent change Internodal branches are omitted.
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