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Both normality and homoscedasticity tests and standardized residual diagnostics have confirmed the statistical significance of the results.
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Both normality (Shapiro-Wilk test) and homoscedasticity (residue plot) were checked; transformations were applied when necessary to approximate normality.
Again, in all analyses both hypotheses of normality and homogeneity of variance were accepted (p > 0.10).
Results of analysis of variance and analysis of covariance are presented in Table 4. Again, in all analyses both hypotheses of normality and homogeneity of variance were accepted (p > 0.10).
In fact, when looking at the differences among the ratios of physicians per 1,000 inhabitants for municipalities within and outside metropolitan areas, these were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001) when applied the Mann–Whitney-Wilcoxon test (t-Test was not applied because both assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variances failed).
The procedure allows for either fixed, strictly exogenous and/or lagged dependent regressor variables, as well as quite general forms of both non-normality and heteroskedasticity in the error distribution.
We first confirmed that both of the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance were met.
Although neither prospect is particularly pleasant, I strongly believe in the normality and necessity of both.
Both sets of scores show approximate normality and do not appear to violate this assumption.
Normality and equal variance tests were passed in both analyses.
The null hypothesis of no serial correlation, normality and homoscedasticity cannot be rejected at conventional significance levels for both analysis and age groups.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com