As a result, the team was able to recognise 29 proteins that came in both nitrated and un-nitrated forms.
The reaction of Aβ with peroxynitrite, an intermediate NO product, in vitro has been shown to generate both nitrated Aβ and dityrosine-coupled Aβ.
This adduct has been detected in a broad range of pathologies, including Parkinson's disease, which is associated with both nitrated α-synuclein and S-nitrosated parkin [ 14].
To determine whether cytotoxicity was dependent on the uptake of N-SYN into the cell, we exposed SHSY-5Y to nitrated or unnitrated SYN fusion proteins lacking the TAT peptide, SYNTAT-.
To evaluate the survival of DA neurons exposed to SYN or N-SYN, we incubated human DAergic SHSY-5Y cells with different concentrations (0.1 µM–1 µM) of nitrated or unnitrated TAT-fused SYN.
Mass spectroscopy is so sensitive, though, that it can tell the difference between a nitrated and an un-nitrated peptide.
Nitrated and aggregated cytochrome c oxidase subunit-I and alpha-synuclein as well as nitrated SOD2 accumulate in mSOD1 mouse spinal cord.
Nearly 30 different nitrated and dinitrated PAHs have been identified in diesel exhaust.
These nitrated and nitroso species arise from the decomposition of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine in smokeless powders [ 45].
Interestingly, NOS itself can be nitrated and nitrosylated; in the case of the nNOS isoform, this decreases enzyme activity [ 14].
It was previously reported that cystathionine β-synthase could be nitrated and consequently inactivated by peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in vitro.
