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We found that winter severity significantly decreased both moth density and total bird abundance and richness.
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Here, we tested the effects of forest structure and composition at stand and landscape scales on overwintering moth density and winter bird communities, including generalist moth predators.
Pine processionary moth density increased with south-facing aspects and forest fragmentation, especially edge density, at the landscape scale.
Total bird abundance increased significantly with moth density only in the colder winter.
Great tit Parus major abundance also increased significantly with moth density, but irrespective of winter severity.
Winter bird communities were influenced more by forest fragmentation at the landscape scale than stand-scale variables, except moth density.
We assessed moth nest density and bird communities during two consecutive winters on 25 linear transects along an elevation gradient in mountain pine forests of the southern French Prealps.
We predicted the winter moth densities would be reduced in fragmented stands due to dispersal mortality incurred by the early stage larvae.
The sensitivity analyses showed that the model is very sensitive to several biological parameters, especially to the mating success of the moth at low population density and the distribution of flight distances.
In contrast, both moths and the hymenopteran wasp/bee lineage appear to have shared two SRs lineages for a long time.
It is both pro-density and pro-history.
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