Sentence examples for both microbial and host from inspiring English sources
Because most of the reported inhibitors of M. tuberculosis DHFR are pteridine based and nonselective in nature, that is, they inhibit both microbial and host DHFRs, this study aimed to design and develop selective nonpteridine M. tuberculosis DHFR inhibitors.
The production of antibodies is governed by both microbial and host factors.
The pathogenicity of A. actinomycetemcomitans is influenced by both microbial and host determinants.
More recently two new cytosolic receptors have been identified: the DNA-dependent Activator of IRFs (DAI), recognizing both microbial and host DNA [4], [5] and AIM2 (Absent in Melanoma 2) another DNA sensor [6], [7].
Whole-community metaproteomics and metabolomics are currently less common, but each again captures further downstream aspects of both microbial and host molecular activity [ 19].
The underlying mechanisms responsible for the different regulation of SLPI have not been identified, but most likely both microbial and host factors contribute to the up- or downregulation of SLPI in the various diseases.
Over the last two decades, several promising therapeutic strategies designed to specifically target pathogen or host-related mediators involved in the septic process have failed to reduce mortality [ 5- 7], and this failure is due, in part, to the heterogeneity of both microbial agents and host inflammatory responses [ 8].
In the current study we have investigated potential interactions between the rearing environment, gut microbiota and immune function in the developing pig gut using molecular methods to evaluate both microbial diversity and host immune gene expression.
Future research should focus on those processes of microbial and host interactions to understand how microbial communities are shaped on short- and long-term scales.
IL-27 is a recently identified heterodimeric cytokine produced in response to microbial and host derived inflammatory cues.
It is likely that other microbial and host factors influence the effects of Panton-Valentine leukocidin [ 11, 12].
