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A detailed comparison of the overall performance indicated that the combined input model (combination of rainfall and inflow) performed better in both lumped and distributed input data modelling.
Both lumped and distributed versions of the EXP-HYDRO model are implemented at 41 meso-scale (500 5000 km2) catchments in the Pacific Northwest region of USA.
The TOPMODEL-based Land Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (TOPLATS) simulates water and energy balances at different time steps, in both lumped and distributed modes.
Large differences were found in both lumped and distributed modeling cases between the updated and the a priori lower zone tension and primary free water contents for both WC and SC approaches, indicating possible model structural deficiency in describing low flows or evapotranspiration processes for the catchments studied.
DA experiments using both lumped and distributed SAC-SMA modeling indicated that assimilating outlet flow using the WC approach generally produce smaller mean absolute difference as well as higher correlation between the a priori and the updated states than the SC approach, while producing similar or smaller root mean square error of streamflow analysis and prediction.
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Both thermally lumped and distributed formulations with constant and variable properties for the model are presented and studied.
The heat recovery system for the post-combustion flue gas treatment in a coffee roaster plant is investigated using both a lumped and distributed parameter numerical modelling and a transient CFD approach.
Designs which use a mixture of lumped and distributed elements are referred to as semi-lumped.
The open loop optimal control of combined lumped and distributed process systems is considered here.
Thanks to the analogy between the lumped and distributed circuits, NGD circuit topologies were identified.
The paper introduces a new concept for composing the input shapers by combining lumped and distributed delays.
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