Sentence examples for both lethal and sub-lethal from inspiring English sources

In fact, hsp 27 protein levels decreased as compared to controls at both lethal and sub-lethal exposure to Cd2+.

They concluded: "For the first time, we have demonstrated that frequently employed neonicotinoid insecticides can elicit important lethal and sub-lethal effects on non-target, beneficial male insects; this may have broad population-level implications".

Laboratory studies have shown lethal and sub-lethal effects of metals on organisms.

Insecticides can disrupt natural enemies through lethal and sub-lethal means causing pest resurgence or secondary pest outbreaks.

Here, S is the cell survival fraction, D the irradiation dose and α and β are parameters representing direct lethal and sub-lethal damage, respectively.

In this regard, it has to be kept in mind that usually a range of indicators are assessed at different tiers during the ERA, using several different measurement endpoints (lethal and sub-lethal parameters, population parameters, etc).

Our results show that trace metal pollution and associated soil and litter changes do not necessarily weaken consumer control on litter decomposition through lethal and sub-lethal toxic stress.

For instance, "Early life stages" fish tests (OECD TG 210, [21]) and chronic fish tests (OECD TG 212, [22]) are carried out to define the lethal and sub-lethal effects of chemicals on the early life stages of the species tested.

We postulated that past steel mill activities resulting in soil pollution and associated changes in soil characteristics would influence the rate of litter decomposition through two non-exclusive pathways: altered litter chemistry and responses of decomposers to lethal and sub-lethal toxic stress.

We then studied the coincidental expression of these players under lethal and sub-lethal conditions.

In this study, the bacterial community present on the skin of P. cinereus individuals was investigated to determine if it provides protection to salamanders from the lethal and sub-lethal effects of chytridiomycosis.