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Although a recent study has reported that there is a caspase-independent apoptosis signaling pathway, as a classical pro-apoptotic family, caspase has a major role both in the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways, of which caspase-3 contributes to the apoptosis execution, whereas caspase-9 participates in the apoptosis origination.
Induction of apoptosis by Nef occurs through unknown mechanisms, however genes involved both in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways have been shown to be regulated by this protein, in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells suggesting that it can potentially induce death trough different mechanisms.
In fact, different preparations differ both in the intrinsic periods of the neurons involved as well as the synaptic plasticity profiles.
As for HSP70, this protein prevalently exerts antiapoptotic activity, both in the intrinsic and in the extrinsic pathways, according to a complex pattern throughout the apoptosis cascade [27], [28].
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Elevations in CD26 were paralleled by increases in both the intrinsic dipeptidyl peptidase activity of CD26 as well as its capacity to bind extracellular adenosine deaminase.
In summary, both the intrinsic activity of titanium-based materials towards the ORR in alkaline media and the SMSI effect might be responsible for the significant activity of our Pd/Ti0.8Ta0.2O2 catalyst.
In ipRGCs, however, both the intrinsic and synaptically-driven light responses are exclusively depolarizing under physiological conditions and therefore do not bring the ipRGC membrane potential near the Ih activation threshold [1], [20].
In particular, when the value of k27 is low and the value of k58 is high, the CT is higher than the values achieved when only a single constant is changed, because in this condition both the intrinsic and the common pathways are simultaneously inhibited.
These extended timelines are in sharp contrast to both the intrinsic killing rates of these drugs in bacterial cultures and the action of standard antibiotics, and it has been hypothesized that upon drug exposure Mtb undergoes metabolic changes rendering it immune to the bactericidal activity of TB inhibitors [ 7].
This resistance to apoptosis was associated with changes in the expression of key molecules in both the intrinsic (e.g., reduction in Bax, Bak and cleaved caspase 8 and an increase in Bcl-xl) and extrinsic apoptotic pathway (e.g., reduction in FasL and cleaved caspase 8).
Both factors are involved in the intrinsic pathway (in-TEM®), whereas the profiles triggered by tissue factor (ex-TEM® and fib-TEM®) are less influenced by these changes.
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