The indices of genetic differentiation show that geographic structure exists both in the lineage and in the subdivided regions (SEQTP and NEQTP regions, Table 3).
Taking advantage of homogeneously marked cells from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice, we have previously demonstrated that bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BSCs) differentiate into a variety of cell lineages both in vitro and in vivo.
Furthermore, human NSC-derived pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into all three germ lineages both in vitro and in vivo.
In contrast, CR1 accumulation appears to have occurred over an extended period in both lineages and likely in the ancestor of both of these species.
Therefore, studies of diversification dynamics in both lineages and phenotypes in continental radiations remain both a critical empirical and conceptual need and a promising research venue.
The reasons for the context-specific effects of Msx2 overexpression are yet to be explained and may be a result of both changes in cell lineage and protein localisation.
Finally, RD-18 was found in both the ptxP1 lineage and the ptxP3 lineage in, respectively, 1 and 4 strains.
Of the 8,439 orthologous genes shared between the melanogaster and the obscura lineages, 5,509 were autosomal in both lineages and 1,227 genes were X-linked in both lineages (i.e., located on the X chromosome in melanogaster and on XL in obscura).
We found a mitochondrial-targeted MDH in both lineages and a cytosolic MDH in haptophytes (see Additional file 1).
However, the forward-reverse analysis indicates that such differences in fixation probabilities require G C nucleotides to be very strongly preferred when we consider changes in the rates of transitions (|Nes| > 4 in both lineages) and strongly unpreferred when we consider changes in the rates of transversions (|Nes| > 2 in both lineages) (Table 2).
