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The mean of the pretest values for both groups was normalized to 100%%.
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Lesion volume in all groups was normalized to values from CCI-saline rats.
Absorbance of treatment groups was normalized to the LPS-treated control, and expressed as percentage viability.
Set the relative value of OD of the control group as 1.0, and the relative value of OD of the other two groups was normalized to the control group.
The expression of target genes in the treatment and control groups was normalized using the house-keeping gene GAPDH and the fold change in the expression of each target gene was calculated by the 2-ΔΔCT method.
The relative protein expression of PRDX6, the uPAR, Ets-1, MMP-9, RhoC and TIMP-2 in xenograft tumor tissues of different groups was normalized to the signal intensity of β-actin.
Total RNA from all groups was normalized to 4 ng and used for cDNA synthesis using SuperScript III Platinum Two Step qRT-PCR kit according to the manufacturer's protocol.
In other words, expression levels of both VDR and LVSCC-A1C in VDR siRNA-treated groups were normalized to the vitamin D-supplemented groups.
All HS groups were normalized to their non-HS controls.
Metabolite and steroid data from all three groups were normalized by log-transformation (log10 (x + 1)).
At least three images were acquired and the mean intensity of this group served as the value to which intensity values from all other experimental groups were normalized.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com