In both groups, the participants read both one booklet with highly threatening images (HT) and one with less threatening images (LT).
In addition to the self-help materials on smoking cessation given to the participants in both groups, the participants randomized to the ACT condition will be offered an initial individual face-to-face ACT session at the clinic and two telephone follow-up sessions at one week and one month following the initial session of ACT intervention.
Overall, while the standard care and treatment approach and Thai cultural context may have had a positive influence on improving resilience in both groups, the intervention group participants exhibited greater improvement than those in the control group.
For both groups the number of participants with comorbid anxiety disorders and number of episodes of depression experienced are detailed in Table 2 together with the number of episodes of hypo(mania) experienced by the bipolar group.
In comparing the Saudi versus non-Saudi population, no statistical difference was found in the age distribution between both groups the majority of the participants were aged between 20 and 40 (Non-Saudis 75% vs. Saudis 72.7%) (p=0.465).
After the participant had been allocated to group, both the participant and the clinic nurse who saw the participant became unblinded to the participant's group allocation.
Prior to the intervention, both the participant group and nonparticipant group were classified in terms of their innovative readiness, based on their group climate (Schultz et al., 2017).
Prior to any innovation training, both the participant group and nonparticipant group had a relatively similar understanding of innovation (Schultz et al., 2017).
For both groups of participants, the most likely barrier to VA care was wait times; the least reported barriers and stigma were having other insurance for PNS participants, and for the OEF-OIF registry group, active duty status and fear of the military accessing their health records.
