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IHC showed regenerating NPY fibers in the callus and woven bone in both fractures at day 7.
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The maximum increase in NPY-positive fibers (by a factor of 1) was observed on both sides in the straight fractures at day 35, the phase of bone remodeling.
An increased number of NPY-positive fibers with similar amount were seen penetrating the woven bone on both sides of the fracture at day 7.
However, local administration of rmCCL2 at 10 and 100 ng at the fracture site on days 0 and 1 did not affect fracture repair at day 28 on micro-CT analysis (Supplementary Fig S1G), most likely due to suboptimal pharmacodynamics including the short half-life of the protein and pharmacodynamics (Ruggiero et al, 2003).
Anti-Ly6G treatment resulted in delayed mineralization and remodeling of the fracture callus at day 28 (Fig 2E).
Outcome of interest was p ostoperative periprosthetic fracture at postoperative day 1 onwards.
Non-stabilized fractures were created in Mmp9 /– and Mmp13 /– mice, and the fracture calluses were collected at day 14 post-fracture for expression analyses (n=3 per group).
The radiographic findings of one those patients with a fracture Type 1b, seen at day 50 after removal of fixator are shown in Figures 3A - 3D (case no. 5 in Table 2).
In angulated fractures, ingrowth of nerve fibers containing NPY was already observed at day 3 postfracture in the fracture hematoma arranged as non-vascular nerve fibers.
The greatest strength was found in healing femurs treated at day 7 post fracture, with a low lithium dose (20 mg/kg) for 2 weeks duration.
MEKi treatment markedly increased cartilage volume in the soft callus at day 10 post-fracture (+ 60% PD0325901, + 20% AZD6244) and continued treatment led to a delay in cartilage remodeling.
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