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On the background of approximately 1 2×106 AT2 cells within the mouse lung [21] we conclude that in both founder lines only a very limited number of AT2 cells serve as tumor initiating cells.
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Histological examination was performed on both founder lines.
Symptomatic mice from both founder lines showed the highest frequency of mitochondrial aggregates (Supplementary Fig. 5).
iTDP-43WT mice from both founder lines showed negligible expression of the transgene in the absence of the tTA activator (Fig. 1c).
iTDP-43WT mice from both founder lines showed extensive reactive microgliosis (Iba-1, Fig. 3h i and Supplementary Fig. 4) and astrocytosis (GFAP, Fig. 3j, k, Supplementary Fig. 4) compared to NT mice; symptomatic mice displayed the most robust gliosis.
iTDP-43WT mice from both founder lines that failed to survive past 2M were phenotypically similar, showing reduced spontaneous activity, weight, and grooming prior to death (Supplementary Fig. 2).
In contrast, the QTLExpress method assumed that alternative QTL alleles were fixed in the founder lines, and only one substitution effect was estimated over all families.
Of 10 founder lines generated from this construct, only two showed levels of cell surface expression on PBL comparable to the PD1cDNAint1-2/Bam mice, with a distribution between T and B cells that paralleled PD1cDNAint1-2/Bam transgenic lines (Figure 4A, compare with Figure 1B).
Two founders were obtained for the Sca1-MafB transgene, and Southern blot comparison of the endogenous and transgenic MafB hybridization signals indicated transgene copy numbers ranging from ∼2 to 4. Both independent Sca1-MafB founder lines had normal gestation and were viable and were used to examine the phenotype further (Table I).
Studies based on pedigree data suggested that most released cultivars possess high genetic similarity because of use of only a few prominent founder lines in soybean breeding programs (Gizlice et al. 1994; Xiong et al. 2007).
In an analysis of variance of the founder lines considering both Hbb genotype and strain, strain explained nearly 80% of the variance independent of the allele effect.
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