The power received by u depends on the radio channel state and varies with time due to fading effects (shadowing and fast fading).
Each technology has a unique nature in providing solutions to the challenges imposed onto wireless technologies (i.e. high variability link, multipath and fading effects).
The analytical framework used in the present study is inspired from [12], with the addition of allowing for a joint backoff decision making mechanism, and adding fading effects to the network model.
A complementary body of work on network MIMO focuses on the performance evaluation of specific system architectures and signal processing techniques, usually by numerical simulation, with more realistic models for signal propagation and cochannel interference (accounting, at least, for distance-based power loss and shadow fading effects).
For reasons of analytical tractability, a highly simplified cellular system model is proposed in [3], wherein cochannel interference arises only from adjacent cells and its power is characterized by a single parameter (distance-based power loss and shadow fading effects are ignored).
These results correspond to analysis of population-based samples between the 1960's and 1980's [ 49] and can support the assumption that role differences might have decreased over the past decades, at least in the industrial countries, and explain the fading effects on gender differences in stress scoring.
These models explicitly model the geometry of the scenario by choosing random scatterer locations according to some prespecified distribution and might incorporate large-scale fading effects into the channel realizations.
To mitigate these fading effects, diversity techniques such as angle diversity (multiple satellites) and time diversity (interleaving) are attractive.
where C1 and C2 are positive constants, capturing the fading effects of the links.
Without including fading effects, the path loss is inversely proportional to the distance between the point and the cell: ( widehat{mathrm{RSS}}left left x,y,zright),{mathrm{cell}}_iright)sim 10* log left({P}_{tx}left({mathrm{cell}}_iright)/{d}^{propto}left left x,y,zright),cel{l}_iright)right) ) in dB, where d((x, y, z), cell i ) is the Euclidean distance between (x, y, z) and the cell i BS.
