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Testing for MI within age groups confirmed MI with respect to both factor loadings and thresholds.
We recall that in order to correctly compare means, both factor loadings and intercepts should be invariant across groups.
MI with respect to both factor loadings and thresholds across age held within in all three age groups.
The second model holds the factor loadings invariant, the third model holds both factor loadings and factor variances and covariances invariant.
We then tested for a third model where we held both factor loadings and factor variances and covariances invariant across the two groups; however, we found evidence of non-invariance.
A subsequent model with equality constraints imposed to both factor loadings and error variances also resulted in a good fit (SBχ = 264.96; df = 154; CFI = .98; NNFI = .98; RMSEA = .03; 95% C.I. [.02 .03]), with a nonsignificant scaled chi-square difference relative to the factor loadings invariance model.
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Afterwards, we assessed the metric invariance (which implies equal factor loadings across groups) and the scalar invariance (which implies both equal factor loadings and equal indicator intercepts across groups).
This model is tested by constraining both the factor loadings and thresholds to be equal across groups.
The construct validity of the subscales was supported by the overall positive and high estimates for both item factor loadings and structure coefficients.
It had equal loadings for both groups (both the same pattern of factor loadings and equal values for all of them), and also the covariances between the factors are the same.
The most problematic questions were V96 and V93 (both having non-invariant factor loadings and intercepts), which are both about attitudes towards having children.
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