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This paper develops a general, revealed-preference methodology for testing a variety of preference structures that allow for both externalities and characteristics.
In order to answer this question, the authors conduct a two-dimensional "environment-as-a-resource" framework, which assumes that the pressure on stock price after an environmental violation is from both externalities and internalities.
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Specifically, both network externalities and switching costs are found to be positively associated with technology patronage.
We compare various designs of energy efficiency subsidies in a market subject to both energy-use externalities and price-quality discrimination by a monopolist.
This effect is observed both when internalising only climate change externalities and when internalising additionally human health external costs.
Security measures can have both negative and positive externalities and planning might alleviate some of the negative ones.
The current literature has mostly focused on negative externalities of security, while this paper demonstrates that security measures can have both negative and positive externalities and that planning might alleviate some of the negative ones.
Less consumption would both reduce negative environmental externalities and help HRCs to preserve hydrocarbons export capacity (or at least reduce their need to maintain expensive extra production capacity), thereby helping finance the cash grants.
And of course, as you know, I'm both an economist– so I've been steeped in externalities and all that kind of stuff, and social welfare theory, and all that.
Positive externalities, negative externalities, and optimal scale.
Positive externalities and negative externalities in services.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com