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We need new biomarkers that reveal both exposure and effect and that also link acute to chronic impacts.
Thus, our measures of both exposure and effect are sufficient for their purpose, which is to examine the association of symptom reporting with moderate insecticide exposure.
Biomarkers of both exposure and effect provide bases for assessing human-genotoxicant interactions and may be indicative of future disease risk.
This example is compared to data obtained from studies of ethylene oxide, in which hemoglobin alkylation is shown to be a valid marker of both exposure and effect.
Although the total number of transcript changes represents only a cursory assessment of the effect of Cr VI) on the transcriptome, the changes may serve as a biomarker of both exposure and effect.
Nevertheless, these methodologies offer the possibility of quantitative and objective measurement with both exposure and effect biomarkers of brevetoxins in humans in the future, in addition to the more traditional exposure assessment (i.e., water, environmental air, personal air) and health effect assessment (i.e., questionnaire and spirometry).
Similar(54)
Also, the temporal nature of the exposures makes the evaluation of both exposure and effects difficult.
Studies within this field have been many and used a variety of methods to assess both exposure and effects.
When assessing environmental and health risks from exposure to chemical pollutants, it is important to clearly distinguish between humans and ecosystems in terms of both exposure and effects.
A limitation of present study is in the ecological nature of the data on both exposures and effect modifiers, which are known only at the county level.
Factors associated with both exposure and outcome, which changed the effect estimate by 10% or more were included in the feeding practices, consumption of HP snacks and SSBs and double burden of suboptimal feeding models.
More suggestions(17)
both acuity and effect
both receptor and effect
both design and effect
both mediator and effect
both taste and effect
both noise and effect
both confounder and effect
both exposures and effect
both intention and effect
both location and effect
both degree and effect
both synthesis and effect
both mechanism and effect
both process and effect
both confounding and effect
both intent and effect
both subject and effect
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com