Sentence examples for both effector and memory from inspiring English sources

"A single founding cell can give rise to both effector and memory cell subtypes, but how that diversity is generated isn't very clear," Kimmerling says.

However, both effector and memory populations express the cell cycle gene cyclin D3.

Further, in both effector and memory responses CTL specific for the immunodominant NP396 epitope kill their targets approximately twice as fast as CTL specific for the subdominant GP276.

However it should be cautioned that from our studies, we can not definitively conclude that the same antigen-specific CD8 T cell precursor is giving rise to both effector and memory cells.

Furthermore, prolonged incubation with antigen has recently been shown to increase the sensitivity of T cell tests for the detection of LTBI [23], probably because short in vitro incubation times in the presence of antigen preferentially result in the detection of effector T cells, whereas longer incubation times favor the detection of both effector and memory T cells [17], [18].

Our findings indicate that these rapamycin-treated T cells may represent a unique cell model for identifying nutrients and signals critical to regulating metabolism in both effector and memory T cells, and for the development of new methods to improve the efficacy of adoptive T cell cancer therapy.

It is clear from our study that the CD45RClow CD4 T cell compartment is composed of distinct T cell subsets, including both effector and central memory T cells.

High levels of functional CTLs were readily detectable for 4 months post HSC transplantation and display both effector and central memory phenotypes.

In these mice, Leishmania parasites persists for long term and both effector and central memory population long live and mediate protection during re-infection.

Here we show that the requirements for IL-21 are less stringent following acute infections; however, in the absence of IL-21, the capacity of CD8 T cells to attain the polyfunctional trait of IL-2 production is consistently reduced during both the effector and memory phases.

In addition to the provision of CD4 T cell help for B cell differentiation, both CD4 effector and memory T cells appear to have multifaceted roles in the protective responses to influenza infection [ 23, 28].