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We also proposed that personal characteristics would have both direct effects on implementation effectiveness as well as indirect effects on implementation effectiveness operating through climate perceptions.
Such parasite life histories have both direct effects on fitness (virulence-life history trait correlation) and indirect effects through changes in the levels of relatedness within hosts.
The exact mechanism of the antitumor activity of BCG is not completely understood, but it appears that BCG involves both direct effects on tumor cells [16] and indirect effects mediated by immune cells [7].
Mindfulness may have had both direct effects on sleep and indirect effects through pain relief in these patients.
The immunomodulatory effects of VitD are mediated through both direct effects on T cells and indirectly through modification of DC function (18).
In addition, there are both direct effects on the virions in a concentration-dependent manner [ 100] and on intracellular, post-viral entry inhibition [ 105].
Similar(46)
The criteria by which the overall implications for human health can be judged comprise both the direct effects on man, as well as the indirect consequences stemming from environmental impacts.
Consistent with the viewpoint in TAM, this study confirmed that PEOU has a positive effect on PU, while PEOU and PU both have direct effects on behavior intention.
This improvement results predominantly from suppression of overnight hepatic glucose production, both via direct effects on the liver and indirect effects through suppression of free fatty acid release from adipose tissue.
The female sex hormone estradiol is bone protective and is likely to prevent osteoporosis both by direct effects on bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts and by immunomodulatory effects changing the cytokine milieu in the bone compartment.
A simple one-at-a-time search procedure might identify associations between C, E, and S1, as long as the environmental exposure and SNP both have direct effects on cancer.
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