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Many bacterial genomes carry both defective and functional prophages [13], [14].
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However, as has been proposed in [ 4], it is possible that both, defective and complete fully functional gypsy elements, coexist in the genome of these species.
It suggests two possible scenarios: 1) Aged BM contains mixed population of defective and functional progenitors, and only the functional progenitors can naturally seed the fetal thymus.
On contrary, chemical oxidation/exfoliation/reduction methods could yield a large amount of graphene although resulting graphene, which can also be called reduced graphene oxide (RGO), could have defective sites and functional groups on graphene sheets [37].
The dna2Δ pif1Δ mre11-D56N triple mutant is complemented by plasmids expressing Mre11, Dna2 or dna2K1080E, a mutant with defective helicase and functional nuclease, demonstrating that the nuclease of Dna2 compensates for the absence of Mre11 nuclease in IR repair, presumably in 5' to 3' degradation at DSB ends.
A case is made that asthma has its origins in the airways themselves involving defective structural and functional behaviour of the epithelium in relation to environmental insults.
Rapid cancer cell proliferation and high metabolic demands, defective structural and functional angiogenesis, as well as irregular spatial relation between cancer cells and stromal vasculature are the principal causes of intratumoral hypoxia (Giatromanolaki and Harris, 2001; Vaupel et al, 2001).
1) The BM of aged mice may contain both defective as well as functional hematopoietic progenitors, but only the functional progenitors are able to colonize the thymus.
"I like things that are both timeless and functional".
This area, then, becomes both a visual and functional advantage.
The lower prevalence of SLE in individuals with a deficiency of C4, C2 or C3 could then be due to only one pathway being defective and, possibly, a functional role for C4b in protection.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com