These differing conceptions may be a result of differing values and attitudes, language, religion or identity.
Because sophistry is a disputed notion, people may have different conceptions of it, and some conceptions may be simply mistaken.
Moreover, these differing conceptions may be incommensurable in the sense that they are not readily amenable to comparison or inter-theoretical translation.
However different their conceptions may be, if the organic change is to exist and amplify across generations, then it needs to be transmitted across generations, and this brings us to the students' notions of inheritance.
Our evidence that a single-semester college course can impact acceptance and understanding of evolution suggests that changing the conceptions may be attained through a properly structured curriculum (as has also been reported by Butler (2009)).
The arrows between categories of misconceptions in our framework represent ways in which students' conceptions may be changing as they learn.
The HeteroSelect alternative conception may be an inappropriate extension of overdominance or heterosis, both of which are commonly discussed in introductory courses and textbooks (e.g., Campbell et al., 2008; Miller and Levine, 2010; Freeman et al., 2013; Phelan, 2013).
Beyoncé's account of her daughter's conception may be news to ob-gyns, and to Jay-Z: "My baby was born out of a conflict in my life".
As the New York inmate recalled, "Imagine a hundred haggard faces and emaciated forms — some with hair and beard of three months' growth — so miserably clothed, in general, as to scarcely serve the purposes of decency, and many limping from the pain of unhealed wounds, and some faint conception may be obtained of our wretched condition".
This conception may be called the decompositional conception of analysis (see Section 4).
