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Both, chloride and sulfate ions are major damaging species affecting the stability and lifetime of a structure.
Complex deterioration mechanism due to both chloride attack and ASR are greatly affected by environmental temperature.
The deposit Fe content in CoFe electrodeposits linearly increased with increasing solution Fe+2 concentration for both chloride and sulfate baths.
In majority of exposure environments for concrete structures, there is a high probability of the cyclic occurence of both chloride ingress and carbonation.
The polarization study results indicated that, passivity range of steel reinforcement decreased with increase in free chloride ion concentration in both chloride and composite chloride sulfate contaminated ECPS.
Electrochemical reduction of chromium VI) was performed in both chloride and sulfate media, introducing potassium dichromate in a carbon paste electrode with a conducting binder.
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ACE and ACE2 are both chloride-activated metallopeptidases that are predominantly associated with the cell membrane and are widely distributed in various tissues and vascular beds.
IPL t) changes significantly for both chloride-treated and untreated samples on exposure to air, in parallel with a decrease in QY,[ 25] indicating that non-radiative pathways are produced or altered by oxidation.
Results indicated that the mix design parameters, such as water/cement ratio and cement content, significantly affected both the chloride diffusion and the sulfate-resistance of concrete.
Kinetic analysis revealed that the exchange of sodium ions from both sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate solutions with SAC resin reached equilibrium within minutes at ambient temperature.
The number of electrons involved in the first step of both the chloride and bromide complex appears to be one.
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