This reduced p53 bcl-2 ratio (indicative of loss of both cell-cycle control and regulation of the major apoptotic pathway) acts to increase mutation rates within a clonal cell population, aiding tumourigenesis and expansion of solid malignancies.
The p53 protein also plays an important role both in cell cycle control and DNA repair through cellular signal transduction.
Just as misregulation of c-Myc, which plays a positive role in ribosome synthesis, is linked to cancer, this model provides a new perspective to the impact of retinoblastoma proteins in cancer, where both disturbances to cell cycle control as well as accumulation of biomass through control of ribosome genes would play critical roles in tumorigenesis (White 2004, 2005).
These data indicate that RB1 may be a key regulator of cellular phenotype in laminopathy-related cells, and suggest that the effects of LMNA on RB1 include both interphase and mitotic cell cycle control.
The studies described above suggest that in some tumor types pRb inactivation results in both a loss of cell cycle control, which promotes initial tumor growth, as well as in a loss of cell-to-cell contacts, which later contributes to metastasis.
Our work suggests that in some tumor types pRb inactivation results in both a loss of cell cycle control that promotes initial tumor growth as well as in a loss of cell-to-cell contacts, which contributes to later stages of metastasis.
The main line of evidence involving Bmi-1 in tumorigenesis is the repression of INK4a/ARF suppressor proteins, deregulating both pRb and p53 cell cycle control pathways, facilitating cell proliferation, and desensitizing cells to apoptosis.
AQP1 is shown to play a role both in angiogenesis [14] and cell cycle control [9], [15], assisting cancer development.
The Xenopus system has traditionally been used as a powerful tool for studying both early embryonic development and cell cycle control 9, 10.
Moreover in five out of 12 cases (42%), a sharp nuclear staining for cyclin D1 was also detected, demonstrating the presence in these instances of both thyrocytes transformation and deregulated cell cycle control.
